Mechanism for forming gears



F. F. BEALL.

MECHANISM FOR FORMING GEARS.

7 APPLICATION FILED APR. 29. I918- I 1,332,968. Patented Mar. 9,1920. 2SHEETS-SHEET l- F. F. BEALL.

MECHANISM FOR FORMING GEARS.

APPLICATION'FILED APR. 29, ms.

"1,332,968. Patented Mar.9,1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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umTEI STATES-PATENT onFroE.

warm; 1*. BE LL, onnnraornvi cnrean, Assreivoa TO PACKARD MOTOR can oorANY, or nnrnorr uronienn, A CORPORATION 01* MICHIGAN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

MECHANISM ron- FORMING I G ARS. 7

Original application filed December 23,1914, Serial No. 878,733. Dividedand this application filed April This application is a division ofapplication Serial No. 878,733 filed December 23,

1914-, patented May'27, 1919, No. 1,30 ,050.v

This invention relates to mechanism for :tormmg gears. 1

One object of this invention is to provide a machine for forging orpressing gearsinto shape as distinguished from cutting or casting them.7

Other objects will appear from an examination of the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawings whichform part of the specification and.

in which Figure 1 is an elevationv of a drop forge hammer of the typeused for roughing out the gear blank;

' Fig. 2' is an elevation of a press adapted for carrying out one of thepressingoperations of'the invention;

vention Fig. 3 .is a press similar to that shownin Fig. 2 and is adaptedfor carrylng out another of the presslng operat1ons of the 111- Fig. 4is a fragmentary section through the roughing die showing it inoperating relatlon with the gear blank;

Fig.5 is an end View of the die and blanl shown in Fig. 4;

6 is a view similar to Fig. 4: showing the finishing die; y I

Fig. 7 is anend view of the die and blank shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical section through one of the die pressesshowing the blank in position;

Fig. 9 1s a plan View or horizontal section on the line 99 of Fig. 8 M

Fig. 10 isan enlarged side view. of a part of one of the die pressesshowing the l0cat-.

ing lever in position; p

F1g.w11 1s an enlarged perspective view of the locating lever; and

Fig, 12 is atransverse section through the head of the locating lever.

remove the excess metal.

. 29, 1918. Serial No. 231,423.

In the form of the invention particularly set forth herein, agear blankhavinga plain face is drop forged, is then placed in a die press where aroughing die forms teeth of abnormal thickness and preferably of lesshei ht than the required finished tooth, is thensubjected to a seconddie pressing op eration in which a finishing die compresses the thickteeth to the desired contour and forces excess metal outwardly beyondthe normal tops and perhaps at the ends of the teeth, and is thenmachined or ground to The last step is theyhardeningof the finishedgear. Gears made by this method will be found in most cases to beaccurate enough for the-finest work, but if desired a finishing cut maybe made on the faces of the teeth'before hardeningto give a stillgreater degree of accuracy. 1 p

A. gear made in accordance withthe above referred'to method comprisesteeththe faces Patented. Mar. 9,1920.

of which are compressed and die finished leaving the metal denser at andadjacent said faces, and the'tops and ends of which have a cut. finishwhere the excess metalhas been removed either byv machiningor grinding.

The drawings illustrate suitable ma:

chinery .for making gears likethat above-descrlbed. With some metals andwith. some sizesof gears the various forging and pressing steps may becarried out with one heating of the blank. 'For this purpose a suitabledrop hammer 40 andtwo presses or similar machines 41 and 4-2 should begrouped together so that the gear blank may first be forged at itsgreatest, heat bythedrop hammer 40, then transferred immediately to thepress41 where it receives the roughing operation, and then placed in thepress 42 to be pressed under the finishing die. Under certain.circumstances, however, it may be desirable to reheat the blank betweeneither thefirst and second or the second and third operations, or both.Also it will be understood that asingle press. may be used instead oftwo presses by changing dies between operations, but thismight/necessitate reheating ofthe blank in. all. cases.

Also, a single die pressing operation is suffrcient for some gears, thefinishingdiej being,

used followingctheforging. operation;

The drop hammer 40 may be a steam hammer as shown and the dies 43 and44: are shaped to produce the blank B. The die block 43 is thestationarydie and the die 4a is reciprocated toward and from the die 13 by thepiston rod and its piston op erating in the steam cylinder 46. Thepresses 41 and 42 shown in Figs. 2 and 3 are identical except in theforms of their upper dies. In each, 47 represents the lower orstationary die resting on the table 48 and L9 is the press ram orsupport for the upper or movable die. The rain is operated by hydraulicpressure through a piston in the cylinder 50.

The press 41 has the roughing die 51 secured to its ram, and as the diemoves downwardly its space forming parts 52 press into the blank B asshown in Figs. 4: and 5, forming thick and comparatively low teeth asshown in Fig. 5. The press l2-has the finishing die 53 secured to itsrain, and as this die descendsupon the blank that has been transferredfrom the press 41 the abnormally'thick teeth are compressed between thespace forming parts 54: of this die as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, thus con-(lensing the metal along the tooth faces. In

' this operation there is a slight excess of metal which is allowed toflow beyond the normaltops of the teeth and outwardly to a limitedextent at the ends of the teeth.

More particularly referring to the presses, attention is called to thefurther showing in Figs. 8 to 12 inclusive. The gear blank B is showninposition in the depression 59 in the die block 47. with a central bore60 to receive a centering stud or pilot 61 extending from the center ofthe ram 49 and die 53. The die. block 47 also has a series ofprojections62 at the edge: of the depression 59 for supporting the ends of theteeth of the gear durlng the pressing operat1on,-1t bemg understood thatthe inner faces of these projections are positioned slightly removed'from the'blank so that the metal of the teeth may be pressed outwardly alittle beyond normal and later removed. The spaces 63 between the projections 62 provide clearance for the outer ends of the space formingparts M of the die 53 as the die descends vertically to form the gear..7 p

In addition to the pilot 61 extending fromthe upper die53, the latter isprovided with a presser plate 64- which has a series of bolts 65 forminga sliding connection between the die and the plate. Springs 66 surroundthe bolts'65 and tend to press the plate downwardly away from the die.this movement being limited by the heads of the bolts striking. theshoulders 67 in the bores'68 in which thebolts operate." This presser"plate" 6% follows the pilot 61 incontaeting with the blank during thedescent of the tionary die block 47 at T2.

' roughed out blank. V The lever 711s shown in full lines in- The latteris formed ram and the springs hold the blank yield- "ingly in thedepression 59 in position to be acted upon by the die 53. The plate,like the die 47, is formed at its edge with a series of projections 69for supporting the inner endsof the teeth of thegear during the pressingoperation, and the spaces 70 between the projections 69 provide for dieclearance the same as spaces 63.

Means are provided for accurately locat in the blank it is necessarythat the blank should be properly located under the second die so thatthe space forming parts of the second die will accurately enter thespaces already roughly formed in the blank. In

the present invention this circumferential positioning is done by alocating lever. 71 which may be pivoted as shown to the sta- The head 73 of this lever has a groove niche of its operatlng faces and a tooth onthe opposite face and in the form shown the groove '74 is in its upperface and is adaptedto receive one of the teeth or space forming parts 54of the die 53, and the tooth 75 is in its lower face and is adapted toengage in one of the spaces between the teeth. of the Fig. 8 ininoperative position and in dotted blank in proper circumferentialrelation to the die 53. Fig. 9 shows the lever inoperative and Fig. 10shows how it lines up the teeth and spaces of the die. and blank respectively. in operation, the blank is roughly positioned by hand withthe tooth 75 oft-he locating lever in one of the tooth spaces of theblank, The ram ;is then brought down slowly until one of 'the die teethenters the groove 74 and thereby definitely and accurately locates theblank under the pressure plate. Then the ram is raised suh'iciently topermit the lever 71 to be removed and then brought down for the pressingoperation.

The lever 71 may be manually'operated by a pivotally connectedhand-lever 76 mounted on the die block l'ffas'by a link 77 and bracket78. A spring 79 retracts the hand lever 7 6 and keeps the lever 71normally in the inoperative position shown in full lines Having thusdescribed my invention, what I claim and desire tosecure by LettersPatent is .1. In a machine of the class described, in

' combination, a blank support, a die having teeth to form tooth spacesin the blank, means for operating the die, and means to support the endsof the teeth formed in the blank.

2. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank support,a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, means foroperating the die, and means to support both the inner and the outerends of the teeth formed in theblank; V

-3. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blanksupport, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, means foroperating the die and means formed integral with the support forsupporting the ends of the teeth formed in the blank. 4. In a machine ofthe class described, in combination, a blank support, a presser platefor holding the blank on said support, a die having teeth to form toothspaces in the blank, said support and presser plate having projectionsfor supporting the ends of the teeth formed in the blank and spacesbetween said projections to receive the teeth of said die, and means foroperating said die. In a machine of the class described, in combination,a blank support, a presser plate for holding the blank on said support,a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, said teeth beinglonger and extending beyond the ends of said tooth spaces, and

said support and presser platehaving pro-v ections for supporting theends ofvthe teeth formed in the blank and spaces between saidprojections to receive the extended ends of said die teeth.

6. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a support for anannular blank, a die, a locating member, means adapted to move thelocating member between the die and blank to circumferentially positionthe latter relative to the former, and means for operating the die.

7. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank support,a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in the blank, a locating member,means adapted to move the locating member between the die and the blankfor positioning'the latter relative, to the former, and means foroperating the die.

8. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank support,a die having teeth to, form tooth spaces in a toothed blank, a, locatingmember having a tooth adapted to enter a space formed in the blank andhaving a groove adapted to receive a tooth of said die forpositioningthe blankrelative to the die, and means for operating thedie.

9. In a machine of the class described, in

combination, a blank support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces ina toothed blank, a pivoted locating member adapted to be swung intopositionbetween the die and blank for positioning the latter relative tothe former, and means for operating the die. 10. In a machine of theclass described, in combinatioma blank support,a die having teeth to'form tooth spaces in a toothed blank, a pivoted locating member adaptedto be swung into positionbetween the die and blank for positioning the"latter relative to the former, a hand lever for operating said member,and means for operating the die.

11. In a machine of the class described, in combination, a blank,support, a die having teeth to form tooth spaces in a toothed blank, apivoted locating member adapted to be swung into position between thedie and blank for positioning the latter relative to the former, aspring for holding saidmember normally in inoperative position,a'handlever for moving the member to operative position, and means foroperating the die.

Intestimony whereofI affix mysignature.

. FRANK F. BEALL.

